At present, China's exploration technology has been further modernized. Geophysical acquisition and processing systems have achieved satellite positioning, digital processing, 3D seismic and computer imaging, which have improved the accuracy of interpretation and determination of stratigraphic resolution and oil and gas structures; the development of oil and gas fields has reached the world's advanced level. It has been able to develop small-scale, fault-blocked, fracture-type, composite sheltered oil and gas fields, and difficult oil fields such as heavy oil, heavy oil, and asphaltenes, and natural gas fields with high hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide content; polymer injection, thermal recovery, acidification, Technical achievements such as fracturing and downhole operations have achieved remarkable results. China's oilfield oil recovery has reached 32%, crude oil production has been broken for many years and the embarrassing situation has begun to increase from 10 million to 20 million tons/year; the rapid development of drilling and pipeline engineering technology has been able to Hit the ultra-deep wells, large horizontal displacement wells, directional wells, cluster wells, etc., and have achieved exports; offshore oil development engineering technology and the world, offshore oil and gas field engineering facilities from design, manufacturing to offshore installation can be completed independently, and led to Domestic mechanical and electrical, chemical, shipbuilding and other related industries. Domestically produced petroleum technology and equipment have played a major role in promoting the internationalization of China's oil companies. Domestic petroleum technology and equipment have been “going out†with companies, opening up broad space for domestically produced equipment to enter the international market.
Despite this, China's oil equipment industry still faces challenges. Oil and gas resources are tight, exploration and development are more difficult, and the technical requirements for equipment are correspondingly increased. International competition is fierce. At the same time, most of the technical equipment such as geophysical exploration, drilling, and logging are monopolized by professional companies in the United States and France, such as Schlumberger and Baker. The three major companies, Trass and Halliburton, control over 90% of the world's logging workload. At present, China has only mastered some conventional technologies, patents and know-how are not yet available, and many people work for others; the world’s uncertainties increase. The "China threat theory" of trade protectionism and human-made is not conducive to the fair participation of Chinese oil companies in international competition.
Therefore, in the future, China's oil equipment technology should increase its development efforts in the following areas:
The development of petroleum exploration in deep seas, deep strata, deserts, beaches, alpine zones, tropical zones, and overseas development requires the development of facilities that are compatible with the environment; the development of heavy oil, heavy oil, bituminous oil, oil sands, shale oil, high water content, Development of high sand-bearing oil and gas fields requires the solution of technical problems and equipment such as acid and alkali resistance, high temperature, high pressure, sand control, water blocking, and corrosion prevention.
The development of natural gas is accelerating, and the proportion of primary energy consumption will increase from the current 2.6% to 7% to 10%. Long-distance pipeline construction and LNG transportation, storage, gasification plant facilities and small distribution equipment will be an emerging market.
The development of deep-sea oil and gas fields and submarine gas hydrates will accelerate and require high-tech mining equipment. At present, offshore oil and gas production accounts for one-third of the world's total production. Deep-water mining technology has been widely adopted in Brazil, West Africa and the Gulf of Mexico. China's water depth is 300 meters to 1.5 million square kilometers in Shanghai. There are abundant oil and gas resources and natural gas hydrates in the South China Sea and the East China Sea. It is urgent to develop deep-sea exploration and development equipment, such as deep-sea oil drilling rigs, subsea foundations, subsea wellheads, and subsea wellhead maintenance. Equipment; Mobile drilling platform; Floating production system with a water depth greater than 500 meters; Submarine pipeline safety testing and maintenance equipment (underwater robots); Gas hydrate exploration and recovery technology equipment; Corresponding positioning communication, transportation security, safety Lifesaving and environmental protection equipment.
The large-scale oil depots and safety protection facilities required for strategic petroleum reserves, the large-scale transport tankers and ports and docks that import 250 million tons of oil each year are still in great shortage, and their development needs to be accelerated.
To achieve a leap-forward development in the field of China's petroleum equipment technology, we need to focus on solving the following problems:
Formulate long-term strategic development plans. Only a five-year plan is not enough, and it takes 10, 15 or even longer development strategic plans. For example, deep-sea and deep-layer mining technologies require long-term, persistent research that will not be effective for several years.
Strengthen the implementation of planning implementation. For the research and development of major key technology projects, we must organize a strong technical breakthrough. A department should take the lead and implement a combination of users, production, education, and research.
Take open thinking and implement technology grafting. Take the introduction, digestion, integration, and re-innovation, and achieve leapfrog development. The first is to organize domestic scientific and technological forces, integrate domestic advanced technologies, realize industrialization and assembly lines, and mass production after success. The second is to achieve independent innovation based on foreign advanced technologies, or to adopt joint research, establish joint ventures, buy patents, and narrow the gap with international advanced technologies.
Reform management system, innovation and incentive mechanism. At present, China's petroleum equipment manufacturing industry is small and scattered, R&D strength is insufficient, the product's own technology content is not high, digitalization, integration is low, and international competitiveness is not strong enough. To change this status quo, we should continue to reform the system and mechanism, promote industrial upgrading, and at the same time, be people-centered, cultivate and gather professional talents, introduce incentive mechanisms, and improve the service system.
Oil equipment technology needs to be developed by leaps and bounds
Over the past 20 years of reform and opening up, China has entered the world in terms of oil and gas exploration, development, and production technology through the introduction, digestion, absorption, innovation, and localization. However, despite the vast market, the deep-sea operating equipment is still a weak link in its development and urgently needs more development.