Gold is an important industrial raw material, but Ke hard currency, the rapid development of high-tech and modern industry today, the world of general interest in gold production and reserves, and therefore gold production has been growing rapidly.
The total amount of gold resources in the world (excluding China) is about 60,000 tons, of which 20% is associated gold. The gold reserves of the world's major gold producing countries are shown in the following table:

Gold reserves of major gold producing countries in the world

The country with the most gold production in the world is South Africa, followed by the Soviet Union, the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Colombia. The order is shown in the table below. Between 1970 and 1980, due to the reduction of the ore grade and the increase in mining costs, the output of other countries except the Soviet Union declined. However, in the past ten years, due to the rapid development of high technology and modern industry, the formation of a large contrast between production and sales, as well as fierce competition in economic development, has a strong stimulating effect on gold production. In recent years, there has been a golden fever in the world, so except for South Africa, the output of other countries has rebounded to varying degrees.
South Africa is the world's largest gold producer. Both production and mine size rank first in the world. In 1970, it exceeded the 1,000-ton mark, accounting for 79% of the world's total production that year. However, due to the decline in the grade of raw ore and the increase in mining depth, the output in 1986 accounted for only 50% of the world's total production, and in 1978 it was 33 tons lower than in 1986.

South Africa is mainly based on the mining of gold, the ore body is large, the grade is high, and the cyanidation process is relatively mature and perfect. Mining methods are all underground mining, production processes essentially: Cyanide - zinc powder substitution; cyanide - CIP; Cyanide - zinc dust - charcoal.
The Soviet Union is the second largest gold producer, with a slight increase from 260 tons in 1982 to 273 tons in 1986. In all production, sand gold accounts for about 70%, and pulse gold accounts for about 30%. The 600-litre gold mining vessel has been put into use. The Soviet Union successfully used the resin-slurry gold extraction method, and the gold production rate in the Muyutao gold mine has reached 120 tons/year.
The United States produced 108 tons of gold in 1986 and 134 tons in 1987, about double the number in 1984. One third of the country's gold is produced using heap leaching technology. There are about 200 gold mines in the country, and there are 74 main ones, of which 11 are processed with an annual ore volume of more than 3 million tons, and 15 of them are between 1 and 3 million tons. The country is mainly open-pit mining. Stimulated by the increase in demand and the increase in gold prices, new technologies and processes have been promoted and applied, and carbon slurry and heap leaching processes have been widely adopted. Cyanide-carbon slurry is the main process flow; followed by cyanide-chlorination-oxidation-carbon slurry process, cyanide-zinc powder replacement process, heap leaching-carbon adsorption process, and re-election-flotation process.
There are 75 major mines in Canada, with 73 new construction and expansion. Mainly small-scale mines, large and small across the country, most of which have achieved mechanization and automation. The production prospect is good. It is planned to produce 100 tons in 1987 and the actual output will reach 120 tons. Among them, the pulse gold production is the main, the associated gold accounts for 25.5%, and the sand gold accounts for 0.5%.
Australia was once a major gold producer in history. In 1903, its output reached a maximum of 119.3 tons, ranking second in the world. By 1976, it dropped to 15.4 tons, dropping to the sixth place in the world. In recent years, due to the increasingly important position and role of gold, the government has adopted incentive policies for increasing gold production, reducing profits and taxes, and actively promoting the adoption of new technologies, which has led to rapid development of gold production. The output has increased from 75 tons in 1986 to In 1987, 100 tons, an annual growth rate of 33%. Due to the use of the new technology of carbon slurry extraction, low-grade ore has been utilized, which plays an important role in increasing gold production.
The Brazilian gold mine is mainly operated by scattered individuals, with an individual producing 57 tons of gold, accounting for 87% of the national production. The production technology is backward, the resources are wasted, and the smuggling is serious, so the output is very unstable. The government adopts a policy of continuing to encourage individual production, while developing state-owned mines, and introducing and promoting technology selection. Therefore, in the future, Brazilian gold production will develop and production will continue to rise.
It is not difficult to see from the production situation of the major gold producing countries in the world that South Africa has stagnated production due to the aging of mines and some political factors, and the output has declined. In other countries, countries have adopted incentive policies, increased investment, introduced and promoted new technologies, and reduced profits and taxes. Therefore, the output of all countries is increasing.

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