The role of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

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What we usually refer to as chemical fertilizers usually refers to NPK fertilizers. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be divided into simple fertilizers, compound fertilizers and composts. Simple fertilizer can be divided into nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizers include ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonia, nitramine, and the like. Phosphate fertilizers include calcium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers. Potash includes potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and the like. Compound fertilizers contain two or three elements, such as ammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate. Compost is a mixture of several fertilizers.

Nitrogen application: Nitrogen is the main component of protein, and protein is the basic substance in the cellular protoplasm. The application of nitrogen fertilizer can promote the formation of protein and chlorophyll, make the dark green color of leaves, increase the leaf area, promote the assimilation of carbon, and increase the yield and quality.

Phosphate effect: Phosphorus is an indispensable element in the formation of nuclear proteins, lecithin and so on. Phosphorus can accelerate cell division, promote root and shoot growth, promote flower bud differentiation, early maturation, and improve fruit quality. Appropriate application of phosphate fertilizer has a good effect on root development, can promote full crop grain, promote potato, potato and other root growth, fruits, sugarcane, sugar beet, etc. can increase sugar, so that rice and wheat and other crops increase the number of tillers.

Potash effect: The nutritive effect of potassium can increase the intensity of photosynthesis, promote the formation of starch and sugar in crops, enhance the resistance of crops and disease resistance, and increase the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by crops. Appropriate application of potash fertilizer can make plants less prone to lodging, enhance drought resistance, cold resistance, disease resistance, and promote flowering and grain filling.

Here are some of the more commonly used fertilizers: ammonium bicarbonate (ammonium bicarbonate), urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride, NPK fertilizer.

1. Ammonium bicarbonate (ammonium carbonate): white fine crystals, 17% nitrogen, strong irritating odor, easily soluble in water, easily absorbed by crops, easily decomposed and volatilized. Can be used as basal fertilizer or topdressing. When topdressing, it is necessary to bury it and timely cover soil to prevent ammonia from volatilizing burned seedlings.

Identification method: the appearance of white or slightly gray crystals, ammonia smell, moisture absorption, soluble in water, aqueous solution is weakly acidic. In the identification, a small amount of sample can be rubbed with the fingers to smell a strong ammonia odor. Agricultural nitrogen content is 17%.

Second, urea: white round granular, nitrogen content of 46%. Urea is not as fast as ammonium sulfate, and it is applied several days earlier than ammonium sulfate. Urea is the highest nitrogen content in solid nitrogen fertilizer. Urea is a neutral fertilizer and does not contain subsidiary components. It will not damage the soil structure after successive years of application.

Identification method: the appearance of particles or crystals, easy to absorb moisture, absorb moisture in the air and deliquescence, soluble in water and ammonia water. Put a piece of iron on the stove and put urea granules on it. Urea quickly melts and evaporates away. There is a little white smoke at the same time and ammonia odor can be smelled. The total agricultural nitrogen content (on a dry basis) was 46.0%.

Third, superphosphate: gray or light gray powder, but also granular, containing P2O5 12% to 18%, with hygroscopicity and corrosion, applied to the soil easily fixed by the soil and reduce fertilizer efficiency, can be used as base fertilizer and dressing Use, in the application should be concentrated application or application of organic fertilizers, which can reduce the fixation of phosphorus, thereby increasing fertilizer efficiency. Can also be used as a top dressing, so that the crop can be directly absorbed.

Identification method: the appearance of dark gray, gray, pale yellow loose powder, slightly sour, is an acidic fertilizer, sensitive to the role of alkali, it is easy to lose fertilizer effect. Some dissolve in water and the aqueous solution is acidic. Hygroscopicity is generally small, such as the humidity of 80% or more when there is hygroscopic phenomenon, forming a hard block. The premium grade contains 20% of effective phosphorus pentaoxide, 13% of grade A, and 12% of B.

4. Potassium chloride: It is a readily available potash fertilizer that is easily soluble in water and contains about 60% K2O. It is white, light yellow or purple crystal. Good physical properties, can be used as base fertilizer and top dressing. Potassium chloride applied to acidic soils should be formulated with lime and organic fertilizers.

Fifth, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer: each containing about 10% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, light brown particles. Nitrogen and potassium are water soluble, and some of them are water soluble. Mainly used as base fertilizer, 25 to 30 kg of 667 square meters.

Identification method: Appearance gray brown or gray white granular. Some compound fertilizers have incompletely crushed urea white granule crystals, and some compound fertilizers have a single urea crystal that exists alone. Slight hygroscopicity, the compound fertilizer particles are easily crushed after absorbing moisture. Non-toxic, odorless, and non-corrosive. Nitrogen, potassium, and some of the water-soluble phosphorus in compound fertilizers can be dissolved in water. When heated on fire, white smoke is visible, and the odor of ammonia can be smelled and cannot be completely melted.

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