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Vegetable Formula Fertilization
Third, fertilization techniques for boron-rich vegetables.
1. Fertilization Principles: The amount of fertilizer should be determined based on the yield potential of the vegetables and the nutrient content of the soil. The timing of fertilization should align with the nutritional and physiological needs of the plants. Organic and phosphate fertilizers are typically applied as base fertilizers before sowing or planting. The frequency of top-dressing depends on the growth duration of the vegetables. Vegetables with a short growing cycle may receive 1–2 top-dressings during mid-growth, while those with longer cycles may require 3–4 applications, usually every 14–20 days. The method of application varies depending on the type of vegetable and fertilizer used. Phosphate fertilizers, which tend to be easily fixed in the soil, should be applied in concentrated areas. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are commonly applied through furrows or by placing them directly into the soil. In later growth stages, they can also be applied via irrigation or foliar sprays to improve absorption efficiency.
2. Application Methods:
- Increase organic fertilizer use. Applying organic materials with high cellulose content (high C/N ratio) enhances the soil’s ability to buffer nutrients, reduces salt buildup, and delays soil salinization.
- Deep tillage. Due to salt accumulation in protected soils, deep plowing after harvest helps move the salty topsoil down and bring less saline soil from below to the surface, significantly reducing salt damage.
- Remove plastic mulch and wash away salts. After summer crops are harvested, removing the plastic film allows rain and sunlight to naturally flush out salts. Alternatively, flooding the field during hot seasons can help remove salt and kill pathogens, improving yield and stability.
- Deep application of base fertilizer and limited top-dressing. When using chemical fertilizers as a base, they should be placed deeper in the soil. Top-dressing should be done in small amounts and More frequently rather than applying large quantities at once, which could raise soil solution concentration. Mixing with organic matter and plowing it in is ideal.
- Promote foliar feeding. In protected cultivation, foliar sprays are an effective way to supply nutrients directly to leaves and stems. This method avoids overloading the soil and is especially useful for applying urea, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and micronutrients.
By following these practices, farmers can optimize nutrient management, reduce environmental stress, and achieve higher yields while maintaining soil health.